Theory of photonic complement of fundamental particles

Abstract

Abstract An important result of classical physics is the constancy of the speed of light in free space irrespective of the frame of reference. In this paper, we theorize a novel principle from the constancy of the speed of light: For every realizable particle, there exists at least one mathematical photonic complement particle, with the following properties - A photonic complement of a realizable particle is a “complementary” particle (not necessarily realizable) such that the sum of momentum and energy of the photonic complement and the particle obey the characteristics of a photon. In this paper, we develop the theory of photonic complement and show that we can use it along with the classical equation of relativity to derive the Klein Gordon equation. We solve the KG equation of pion and its photonic complement in a pionic atom and find both energy and momentum jump during the state transition of the pion. We also investigate the nature of photonic complement and how the “principle of photonic complement” is consistent with special relativity and Einstein's equivalence principle. Furthermore, we propose a condition under which a photonic complement state of a particle can be realized using a potential barrier higher than the total energy. The condition is very similar to that of the Klein paradox, and we deduce that when the particle is in the photonic complement state, it can pass through that barrier higher than its energy transparently - without any reflection. We further contend that Klein's paradox exists because the particle undergoes the transformation to a photonic complement state in those conditions and show that Klein's paradox can be achieved without the transfer or reflection of energy. The principle of complement adds an important constraint on the possible states of particles - the only possible states of a particle are when a photonic complement is possible.