Bibliometric analysis, physical properties, and experimental evaluation of additives-diesel ternary blends

Abstract

Abstract Petroleum fuel availability faces a significant challenge in today's world, primarily due to its heightened demand and overreliance on imports. The rapid pace of urbanization, intertwined with factors like air quality, economic considerations, and fuel availability, has ignited a growing awareness of the pressing need for a cleaner environment and the search for alternative fuel sources. As global emissions limits continue to rise, there is a collective pursuit of improved fuels that can seamlessly integrate with compression ignition engines. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis further underscores the escalating worldwide research efforts in this critical domain. According to the existing literature, nitromethane and 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate have demonstrated superior physical and combustion properties compared to other additives. To explore their potential, a meticulous performance and emission analysis was conducted using a single-cylinder, 4-stroke VCR CI engine, employing varying proportions of 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate and a constant 2% blend of nitromethane, with EEA concentrations ranging from 5%, 10%, to 15% (v/v). This research delved into the influence of these diverse fuel blends on the performance of CI engines and exhaust characteristics within a compression ratio spectrum spanning from 17 to 20. The experimental findings revealed that ternary blends, although having a marginal impact on engine performance, exhibited lower emissions compared to pure diesel. The pinnacle of this investigation emerged with the EEA5NM2D93 blend, which yielded optimal results in terms of both performance and emission characteristics.