The influence of lipids on adverse pregnancy outcomes differs between normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus women: a retrospective study

Abstract

Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate the distinctive effects of maternal lipids on adverse pregnancy outcomes between normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies. Methods This retrospective study analysed 434 NGT pregnancies and 416 GDM pregnancies. According to the adverse outcomes, NGT and GDM pregnancies were divided into two groups, respectively. The risk of GDM and adverse outcomes were estimated by logistic regression. Results Compared to the lowest triglycerides (TG) levels, intermediate TG levels and the highest TG levels were connected to the risk of GDM (1.00 vs. 2.5 (95% CI, 1.5–4.4), and 3.8 (95% CI, 2.0–7.1), respectively. In GDM, the significant effect of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and that of total cholesterol (TC) on several outcomes disappeared after adjustment for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) fasting blood glucose and 1 h blood glucose. Besides, the effect of lipids on several outcomes was mainly noticed in GDM with relatively high glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) within the target range. Conclusions Maternal elevated lipid levels were associated with GDM and adverse outcomes. For GDM with HbA1c under the target range, stricter glycemic control is required if dyslipidemia presents.