Correlation between sleep disorder, anxiety, depression, and sarcopenia in multiethnic areas of western China

Abstract

Background Sarcopenia not only leads to impaired physical function but may also be associated with changes in sleep and mental health as individuals age. Research on the relationship between sleep, anxiety, and depression and adultonset sarcopenia is limited; however, there are no reports indicating the relationship between them and the different groups of sarcopenia. The aim of this study is to explore the correlation between sarcopenia (diagnosed sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia) and sleep, anxiety, and depression in different groups in the multiethnic region of western China based on the 2019 Asian sarcopenia diagnostic criteria. Methods The diagnostic method recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019 was used to screen for sarcopenia. The population in the multiethnic region of western China included in this study underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis to classify sarcopenia into the diagnosed sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia groups, while also recording other data for analysis. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, and the 15-item geriatric depression scale were used to assess the sleep quality, anxiety, and depression status of participants, respectively. Multiple logistic regression multivariate analysis was used to determine the relationship among sleep, anxiety, depression, and the different types of sarcopenia. Results Among the 4500 participants surveyed in the western region of China, 408 (9.06%) were identified as having myasthenia gravis and 618 (13.73%) as having severe myasthenia gravis, whereas 2015 individuals (44.78%) had poor sleep quality, 842 (18.71%) had anxiety, and 1045 (23.22%) had depression. Sleep abnormalities were associated with severe sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR]: 0.717, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.550–0.934), whereas depression was associated with diagnosed sarcopenia (OR: 1.289, 95%CI 1.032–1.608) and severe sarcopenia (OR: 1.622, 95%CI 1.032–1.608). Conclusion The western region of China is a multiethnic area with 44.78% of participants > 50 years of age experiencing poor sleep quality, 18.71% suffering from anxiety, and 23.22% experiencing depression. It may be possible to delay or reduce the severity of sarcopenia by early intervention in improving sleep quality and alleviating depression. Clinical trial number : ChiCTR1800018895