Racial/Ethnic Differences in Long-COVID-Associated Symptoms among Pediatrics Population: Findings from Difference-in-differences Analyses in RECOVER Program

Author:

Chen Yong1ORCID,Zhang Dazheng1,Zhang Bingyu1,Wu Qiong1ORCID,Zhou Ting1,Tong Jiayi1ORCID,Lu Yiwen1,Chen Jiajie1,Wang Huiyuan1,Chisolm Deena2,Jhaveri Ravi3,Kenney Rachel4,Rothman Russel5,Rao Suchitra6,Williams David7,Hornig Mady8,Morris Jeffrey1ORCID,Forrest Christopher9

Affiliation:

1. University of Pennsylvania

2. Abigail Wexner Research Institute Nationwide Children’s Hospital

3. Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago

4. New York University Grossman School of Medicine

5. Vanderbilt University Medical Center

6. University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital

7. University of Michigan

8. Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health

9. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Abstract

Abstract Racial/ethnic differences are associated with the potential symptoms and conditions of post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in adults. These differences may exist among children and warrant further exploration. We conducted a retrospective cohort study for children and adolescents under the age of 21 from the thirteen institutions in the RECOVER Initiative. The cohort is 225,723 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 diagnosis and 677,448 patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 diagnosis between March 2020 and October 2022. The study compared minor racial/ethnic groups to Non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals, stratified by severity during the acute phase of COVID-19. Within the severe group, Asian American/Pacific Islanders (AAPI) had a higher prevalence of fever/chills and respiratory symptoms, Hispanic patients showed greater hair loss prevalence in severe COVID-19 cases, while Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients had fewer skin symptoms in comparison to NHW patients. Within the non-severe group, AAPI patients had increased POTS/dysautonomia and respiratory symptoms, and NHB patients showed more cognitive symptoms than NHW patients. In conclusion, racial/ethnic differences related to COVID-19 exist among specific PASC symptoms and conditions in pediatrics, and these differences are associated with the severity of illness during acute COVID-19.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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