Unraveling the Complex Relationships Between Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Schizophrenia: A Network Analysis Study

Abstract

Abstract Background Schizophrenia, a debilitating mental disorder, impacts cognitive, behavioral, and emotional functions. Co-occurring anxiety and depression worsen its complexity and diminish patients' quality of life. This study uses a network analysis approach to explore the relationships among anxiety, depression, and quality of life in hospitalized schizophrenia patients. Methods Cross-sectional study on 1328 inpatients with schizophrenia. Data included demographics, clinical details, and self-reported depression (HAMD-17), anxiety (HAMA-14), and quality of life (SQLS-R4). Network analysis employed Gaussian graphical models and Lasso for sparse network estimation. Results The analysis revealed hopelessness as the central node in quality of life, emphasizing its role in overall well-being. Somatic anxiety emerged as the central node in depression, highlighting the need to address somatic symptoms. Sleep disturbances were prominent central nodes in anxiety, indicating the need for targeted interventions. Discussion This study provides valuable insights into the relationships between anxiety, depression, and quality of life in inpatient schizophrenia populations. Addressing key symptoms such as hopelessness, somatic anxiety, and sleep disturbances can significantly improve overall well-being. Integrated interventions for anxiety and depression, along with comprehensive strategies addressing psychosocial factors, are crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and enhancing quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia.