Examining the Structural, Dielectric, and Electrical Characteristics of Sol-Gel

Abstract

Creating perovskite ceramic with electrical and dielectric properties appropriate for energy storage, medical uses, and electronic devices is the goal of this research. A bismuth ferric titanate, Bi₀.₇Ba₀.₃(FeTi)₀.₅O₃, doped with barium and crystalline, was effectively synthesized at the A-site via sol-gel synthesis. A rhombohedral structure emerged in 12 the R 3́ C space group, which was confirmed by room-temperature X-ray studies. An average grain size of 263 nm and a homogeneous grain distribution and chemical composition were confirmed by the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The relationship between temperature and frequency and electrical properties was found. Impedance spectroscopy and electrical modulus measurements, performed in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz and at temperatures ranging from 200 K to 360 K, demonstrated a non-Debye type of relaxation. Furthermore, once the material was produced at various temperatures, its frequency-dependent electrical conductivity was examined using Jonscher's law. Over the complete temperature range, consistent conduction and relaxation mechanisms were discovered. These findings suggest that the chemical may find widespread applicability across a broad temperature range, including electrical fields and capacitors.