Abstract
Using coal as an energy source has significant implications for animal welfare, environment, and human health. The burning of coal has been associated with a triple burden that affects animal welfare, the environment, and human health. This study evaluates the specific effects of coal burning in Somalia using a one-health approach. The one-health approach recognizes the interconnectedness of these three domains and emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts to address the challenges posed by coal burning, highlighting the importance of adopting a holistic approach to mitigate associated risks. This study used a descriptive design. Quantitative data collection methods were also used in this study. Under a descriptive research design, the researcher used more of a survey that included self-administered questionnaires for respondents to ensure complete coverage of the study area and the study problem on the triple burden of coal burning, assessing its effect on animal welfare, the environment, and human health in Somalia from a single health perspective. The study sample consisted of 384 respondents. This study used structured questionnaires to capture quantitative data from residents of Deynile, Kahda, Karaan, Yaqshiid, Hiliwaa, and Dharkenley in the Benadir Region, Somalia. Microsoft Excel was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were used to summarize the data. Qualitative data were analyzed as they emerged from the study. The analyzed data were then presented as tables for easy interpretation. This study concluded that coal burning negatively affects the environment. In addition, the study concluded that coal burning affected animal welfare in Somalia and that the majority experienced health issues caused by coal burning. Furthermore, the study concluded that one health approach aimed to safeguard human and animal health sustainably. Overall, this study concluded that coal burning negatively affected animal welfare, the environment, and human health in Somalia from a single health perspective.