Correlation of ABO blood groups and salivary molecular markers interleukin-1β and sclerostin in patients with stage III grade A periodontitis - A clinico-biochemical study

Abstract

Abstract Objective The objective of this study’s was to estimate salivary interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and sclerostin(SOST) and correlate it with ABO blood groups in Stage III Grade A periodontitis. Materials and Methods 88 subjects were recruited for this study- 44 healthy subjects(G1) and 44 subjects with Stage III Grade A periodontitis(G2). Based on the blood groups the subjects were then divided equally into subgroups containing 11 subjects each. Plaque index(PI), bleeding index(BI), gingival index(GI), probing depth(PD) and interdental clinical attachment loss(ICAL) were the clinical parameters recorded. Salivary samples were collected, and ELISA kits were used to quantify the levels of IL-1β and SOST. Results A statistically significant difference was seen between G1 and G2 on comparing PI, BI, GI, PD,ICAL, IL-1β and SOST and these parameters were significantly higher in G2 compared to G1 (P < 0.05). The salivary IL-1β levels in G2 a statistically significant difference among the different blood groups. IL-1β was significantly less in blood type AB as compared to O, B, A. Whereas SOST showed no statistically significant difference among the blood groups. Conclusion SOST and salivary IL-1β can be considered as potential indicators of periodontal disease. Individuals with blood type AB had considerably lower levels of salivary IL-1β, which may have an impact on the severity and progression of periodontal disease. Hence ABO blood groups can be considered as a genetic host factor to determine the risk of an individual to periodontal disease. Clinical Relevance The ABO blood types can be viewed as a hereditary risk factor if linked to periodontal disease. This information can aid in the development of early treatment plans for highly susceptible individuals and focus on regions that don't respond to periodontal therapy