Concentration and Geospatial Modelling of Health Development Offices' Accessibility for the Total and Elderly Populations in Hungary

Abstract

Abstract Background This study examines the availability and national distribution of Health Development Offices (HDOs; N = 108) in Hungary, with an emphasis on their role in health prevention for the general and elderly population. HDOs play a crucial role in providing preventive services (nutrition, physical activity, mental hygiene), a significant factor in the health preservation of the elderly. The geographical location and accessibility of these Offices are essential parameters as they influence individual participation willingness. Methods Leveraging advanced geospatial modelling techniques with QGIS 3.34.0 and MS Excel software, we mapped the locations of HDOs relative to population centres, employing statistical tools such as the Lorenz curve and Gini index, LQ index, and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. These methods allowed for a nuanced analysis of service concentration and the identification of geographic disparities in service provision. The stochastic relationship between the population and the number of HDOs was analysed through linear regression. This spatial and demographic study was based on 2022 data. Results The number of HDOs did not indicate significant spatial concentration relative to the population, although the Entropy Index measured substantial diversity among the counties. Based on the measured LQ Index values, it can be stated that the presence of HDOs is underrepresented in the capital and its surroundings, as well as in several counties. Additionally, our regression analysis indicated that an increase in population size does not necessarily equate to an increase in the number of HDOs. Conclusion The examination of geocoordinates through scatter plots, indicated a broad spectrum of dispersion, and the placement of HDOs on the map revealed a star topology. From the findings of our research, it can be concluded that the Hungarian network of Health Development Offices (N = 108) can meet the preventive health needs of both the general and the elderly population. Enhancing the geographical spread of HDOs is crucial for improving the accessibility and effectiveness of health prevention strategies, especially among Hungary's aging population, thereby contributing to a more equitable health service landscape.