Rapid determination of warfarin in biological samples: Experimental and theoretical studies of Pt-doped CdTe QDs as fluorescent probes

Abstract

Abstract This research is focused on introducing a facile and safe fluorescence sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of warfarin in biological samples. The synthesis of the fluorescence sensor probe was easily performed with doping metal ions of the Pt to CdTe quantum dots (Pt:CdTe QDs). The morphological and optical properties of the synthesized Pt:CdTe quantum dots were characterized as FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, UV visible absorption and EDX. The interaction patterns of warfarin with CdTe QDs were investigated by the quantum chemical method and compared with experimental results. The proposed quantum dots exhibited a blue luminescence with a 28.8% quantum yield. Pt:CdTe QDs were used as the fluorescence probe to assay warfarin. This procedure is based on "off" fluorescence of quantum dots in the presence of different concentrations of warfarin. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescence sensor probe could detect the concentration of warfarin with a wide linear range of 2–100 µM and a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.75 µM. Results of real sample analysis by fluorescent nanoprobe displayed that this probe could be the potential alternative tool for warfarin drug detection in biological samples.