New Record of Echinoderms from Gili Ketapang Island by Combining DNA Barcoding and Morphology: A Baseline Report

Abstract

Abstract Echinoderms are marine water invertebrates that are showing diverse morphologies and grouped in five classes, however the reports on this species from Gili Ketapang Island, East Java is currently limited. DNA barcodes (DNA fragments of the 5' end of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, COI) have been used to support the morphological examination in identifying evolutionary lineages. This study aims to identify the morphology and supplement of COI sequence and phylogenetic of Echinoderms from Gili Ketapang Island. A total of sixteen samples of Echinoderms were collected from Gili Ketapang, Probolinggo, Indonesia, then identified based on morphological characters, and supports identification was confirmed using molecular data. Subsequently, molecular characterization and identification was conducted based on 503 bp of COI gene similarity, sequence variation, genetic distance, phylogenetic topology, and BOLD System. According to the results, sixteen sample were identified as Diadema setosum; Macrophiothrix longipeda; Archaster typicus; Echinometra mathaei, Holothuria atra; Linckia laevigata, Bohadschia argus, and Ophiactis savignyi. Each species was associated with a specific DNA barcode cluster and the relationship among these species was clearly revealed. Each species based on morphological identification and COI sequence clusters were congruent. The median joining network and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) analysis showed this Echinoderms population from Probolinggo had relatives of 14 haplotypes and divided into eight haplogroups. Furthermore, the population belonged to the same haplogroup but had different haplotypes. This newly records established sequence reference library for the Gili Ketapang Island.