Analysis of influencing factors of small airway dysfunction in adults

Abstract

Abstract Background Small airway dysfunction (SAD) is a widespread, but less typical clinical manifestation of respiratory dysfunction. In lung diseases, SAD can have a higher-than-expected impact on lung function. The aim of this study was to understand the factors that contribute to SAD. Methods We included 1233 patients in the pulmonary function room of TangDu Hospital from June 2021 to December 2021. Functional examination guidelines diagnostic criteria: MMEF, MEF50%, MEF25%, two of the three items are lower than 65% of the predicted value, the patient was diagnosed with SAD. We divided the subjects into a small airway disorder group and non-small airway disorder group, and they were asked to complete a questionnaire, and we performed a multivariate scoring of the relevant factors after univariate comparisons among other factors. Results The influencing factors of patients with small airway disorder were advanced age (OR = 7.772,95% CI 2.284–26.443), female (OR = 1.545,95% CI 1.103–2.164), family history of respiratory disease (OR = 1.508,95% CI 1.069–2.126), history of occupational dust exposure (OR = 1.723,95% CI 1.177–2.521), history of smoking (OR = 1.732,95% CI 1.231–2.436), history of pet exposure (OR = 1.499,95% CI 1.065–2.110), exposure to O3(OR = 1.008,95% CI 1.003–1.013), chronic bronchitis (OR = 1.947,95% CI 1.376–2.753), emphysema (OR = 2.190,95% CI 1.355–3.539) and asthma (OR = 7.287,95% CI 3.546–14.973). Conclusion Small airway disorders are associated with age, gender, exposure to O3, family history of respiratory disease, occupational dust exposure, smoking history, history of pet exposure, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. People with these risk factors should take appropriate precautions to prevent SAD.