The Clinical Utility of salivary oxytocin as a putatively surrogate early Risk Identification biomarker of nascent Metabolic Syndrome with and without prediabetes

Abstract

Abstract Aims and methods This study aimed to compare and correlate pharmacotherapy biomarkers’ plasma and salivary levels (appraised using colorimetric assays of Lipocalin, Nesfatin, Omentin, Oxytocin, RBP-4 (retinol-binding protein-4), Resistin, SIRT 1 (sirtuin 1), Visfatin and ZBED3 (zinc finger, BED-type (ZBED) protein 3), adiposity, and atherogenicity indices in 61 normoglycemic and newly diagnosed drug naive pre-diabetic (PreDM) MetS (metabolic syndrome) patients vs. 29 lean, and normoglycemic controls. Intergroup Comparisons was conducted by ANOVA. Spearman rank correlation was also examined. Results About three quarters of the participants were females, with gender distribution similar between the two study groups (P = 0.585). Among MetS patients, almost half were normoglycemic, about 43% were prediabetic and about 8% were diabetic. The average age of study participants was 48.6 years, with MetS group being significantly older than the control group (P < 0.001). In accordance to the study selection criteria, glycemic (FPG and A1c) and lipid parameters (TG, HDL-C and non-HDL-C), adiposity indices (BMI, WHR, WtHR, C-index, BAI, LAP, VAI) and atherogenicity indices (AIP, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C) were all significantly higher in the MetS group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Among the plasma cardiometabolic risk biomarkers of pharmacotherapy, plasma (but not salivary) lipocalin levels and Salivary nesfatin (unlike plasma nesfatin) were significantly higher P < 0.05) in the MetS group compared to the normoglycemic lean controls. Notably, plasma SIRT1 levels were pronouncedly greater (P < 0.05) in MetS recruits in comparison to control’s levels. Conversely; salivary SIRT1 concentrations in MetS pool markedly exceeded those of controls’ salivary levels. Oddly and collectively salivary and blood levels of omentin, oxytocin, RBP-4, resistin, visfatin and ZBED3 lacked comparably pronounced discrepancies in MetS cases vs. those of study controls. Exceptionally oxytocin, amongst 9 cardiometabolic risk biomarkers of pharmacotherapy studied, had proportional significant correlations between plasma and saliva levels, in both total sample and MetS patients (P < 0.05). Plasma OXT in the total sample correlated significantly though inversely with both SBP and FBG (unlike salivary OXT). Interestingly of MetS pool; markedly Proportional correlations of plasma (but not salivary) OXT with TG, and adiposity indices of LAP and VAI, and all atherogenecity indices were delineated. Collectively both blood and saliva OXT in the total study pool, as well as the remaining biomarkers; lacked comparably substantial associations with both adiposity and atherogenecity indices and clinical parameters of fasting lipid profile.