The Examination of Fetal Myocardium and Maternal and Fetal Features of Pregnancy Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Abstract Purpose: We examined the morphological factors affecting the growing foetus’ heart, the fetal and maternal relations of pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus. We seaked the severity of myocardium hyperplasia is in correlation with infant respiratory distress syndrome and cardiac failure. Our study was a prospective case- control study of pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus produce fetal myocardium hyperplasia. Methods: Two ultrasound examinations were carried out on 84 pregnant women, in accordance with the selection criteria (different types of diabetes mellitus and controll cases). The first ultrasound examination was carried out between the 24-28th weeks, the second between the 33-38th weeks of pregnancy. During the examinations we measured and averaged the fetal sizes, the estimated fetal weight, the quantity of amniotic fluid and the thickness of the ventricles and interventricular septum. Besides, we collected data from pregnant women in connection with the symptoms of diabetes mellitus, plus followed the outcome of these pregnancies. We compared these data against the our control group and a literature reference group. Results: Regarding the fetal myocardium and the interventricular septum, significantly higher values were registered compared to the control group, and 21% of the infants are macrosomic, 16% of them were born with intrauterine growth restriction. Conclusions: Based on the examinations we concluded that more complications occurred to foetuses and infants of obese pregnant women and those with diabetes mellitus than in the control groups. Thus, following the fetal myocardium’s parameters in the perinatal outcome of the mother’s glucose system’s discrepancies can be a well-applicable filtering method.