Adaptation and Validation of the Greek Version of a Short-Form Oral Health Impact Profile and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire: The OHIP-14-Gr and PIDAQ-Gr

Abstract

Abstract Background:Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is recognized as a significant aspect of health outcomes. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and the Psychosocial Impact Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) are valid instruments that capture different facets of OHRQoL. The OHIP-14 focuseson the effects of oral disorders, whereas the PIDAQ emphasizes the impacts of dental aesthetics on quality of life. The intention of this study was to adapt the OHIP-14 and PIDAQ in a Greek cultural context and to investigate their psychometric properties in all age groups of adults. Methods:The original English OHIP-14 and PIDAQ questionnaires were translated into Greek, cross-culturally adapted according to the forward-backward technique, pretested, and applied to a validation sample of 280 participants aged 18-79 in dental practice. In total, 59 participants in thevalidation set underwent the procedure after 12 weeks. Internal consistency and reproducibility established reliability. Content, construct, and convergent validity were supported. The questionnaires were also contrasted with sociodemographic variables (age, gender, education, residence). Discussion:Cronbach´s alpha was 0.94 for the OHIP-14-Gr and 0.95 for the PIDAQ-Gr. Correcteditem-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.45 to 0.81 for the OHIP-14-Gr and from 0.53 to 0.82 for the PIDAQ-Gr. Average interitemcorrelation coefficients were 0.52 (OHIP-14-Gr) and 0.48 (PIDAQ-Gr). Interclass correlation coefficient(ICC) was 0.73 for theOHIP-14-Gr and 0.86 for the PIDAQ-Gr. Factor analysis with target rotation confirmed the four-dimensional factor structure of the PIDAQ-Gr. Item factor loadings varied between 0.38 and 1.09. Pearson`s correlation coefficients between the subscales and the total scores of the OHIP-14-Gr and PIDAQ-Gr ranged from 0.29 to 0.67,resulting in highly significant correlations for the total scores and subscales of the Greek questionnaires (p < 0.001). The results attribute good to excellent psychometric properties to the Greek versionsof the PIDAQ and OHIP-14. They indicate reliable and valid tools for the standardized assessment of the psychosocial impact of oral disorders and dental aesthetics among adults. The present study extends the use of these questionnaires to includethe important target group of young adults.