Influence of the Cellular Ultrastructure and Enzyme Activity of the Leaf Sheath Abscission Zone on Spontaneous Defoliation in Sugarcane

Abstract

Abstract Spontaneous defoliation improves the harvesting efficiency and yield of sugarcane. In this study, the influences of ultrastructural changes in the abscission zone cells of the third, fifth, and seventh leaf sheaths below the fully expanded leaf and pectinase and cellulase activity on spontaneous defoliation were investigated in four sugarcane varieties with varying spontaneous defoliation performance during maturation. At the early and middle stages of spontaneous defoliation, the cells in the abscission zones of the third, fifth, and seventh leaf sheath abscission zones were degrading. At the late stage, no complete organelles and hollow or broken spots in the cell walls were observed in the abscission zone cells of defoliation-prone varieties, while complete organelles and intact cell walls were present in the abscission zone cells at the same leaf positions in defoliation-resistant varieties. From the early to late stages, defoliation-prone varieties had higher pectinase activity in the abscission zones of the fifth and seventh leaf sheaths. At the early stage of defoliation, defoliation-prone varieties had significantly higher cellulase activity in the abscission zones of the third, fifth, and seventh leaf sheaths. Correlation analysis showed that the spontaneous defoliation rate was significantly positively correlated with pectinase activity in the leaf sheaths abscission zones. In conclusion, the spontaneous defoliation of sugarcane was closely related to changes in cell morphology and pectinase activites in leaf sheath abscission zones.