Abstract
The research investigates the genetic distinctiveness of Pterocarpus dalbergioides Roxb., commonly known as Andaman padauk, an endemic tree species of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The study employs DNA barcoding techniques, focusing on three barcode loci (ITS2, matK, and rbcL), to discern the species from closely related counterparts within the Pterocarpus genus. Sampling from 30 distinct locations across the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, genomic DNA isolation, PCR amplification, and sequencing were done. Polymorphism analysis revealed varying degrees of genetic diversity across the three barcode loci, with ITS2 demonstrating the highest discriminatory power. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS2, matK, and rbcL sequences elucidated distinct species-specific clusters, reaffirming the endemic nature of P. dalbergioides to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Notably, ITS2 proved superior in species resolution compared to plastid barcodes (matK and rbcL). The study highlighted the utility of DNA barcoding in accurately identifying species, particularly in distinguishing closely related taxa within the Pterocarpus genus. The findings highlight the ecological and economic significance of P. dalbergioides as a valuable timber species and emphasize the importance of DNA barcoding in combating illegal trade and ensuring the sustainable management of endemic tree species. Overall, the research contributes to our understanding of the genetic diversity and conservation of P. dalbergioides, offering insights into its evolutionary relationships and aiding in the development of conservation strategies.