Factors Influencing the Choice of Majors among Chinese Medical Students: An Analysis of Enrollment and Admission Scores in Major Medical Disciplines

Abstract

Abstract Introduction and objectives: The study examines the factors influencing the major choice of medical students in China, including individual preferences, social needs, role models, personal characteristics, and the impact of COVID-19. The aim is to provide insights for medical educators to help students make informed career decisions.Methods The study collected data from 11 universities with the largest medical student enrollment in China. A total of 14,016 valid questionnaires were analyzed using statistical methods.Results The study found that social needs and personal interests were the most significant factors influencing the choice of major for medical students in China. The majors with the largest number of enrollments are Obstetrics and Gynecology &Reproductive medicine, Oncology and Ophthalmology. However, there was a shortage of medical professionals in certain fields, such as emergency medicine and anesthesiology, due to medical students' preference for specialties that do not require emergency room visits or night shifts. COVID-19 also had a significant impact on the major choice of medical students in China, with students showing a greater inclination to pursue clinical medicine.Conclusions The study concludes that addressing the shortage of medical professionals in certain fields requires concerted efforts from the government, society, and educational institutions. Providing incentives and subsidies to doctors who face high work intensity and low pay, as well as offering relevant courses to stimulate students' interest in particular specialties, are some possible solutions. Furthermore, medical schools should ensure that students have sufficient personal time and space outside of their studies and provide adequate psychological support to help students manage the pressures of their demanding profession.