Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of surface characteristics and geometric design on marginal bone loss and bone quality in dental implants.
Materials and Methods
A total of 378 implants from 114 patients were categorized into 19 subgroups according to the upper/lower jaw, implant length/diameter/surface preparation/neck design, type of prosthetic superstructure. Radiological evaluations were conducted on marginal bone loss and fractal analysis of the bone.
Results
Marginal bone loss was significantly higher in the maxilla compared to the mandible when considering the changes between jaws (p < 0.05). Analysis of variations among prosthetic superstructures revealed that implant-supported removable prostheses had the highest marginal bone loss (p < 0.05). Additionally, marginal bone loss was significantly lower in implants with coronal microthreads not exceeding 1 mm compared to those exceeding 1 mm (p < 0.05). Also the increase in fractal values was significantly higher in implants with coronal microthreads 1 mm compared to 3 mm.
Conslusion:
The geometric design of dental implants may have an impact on marginal bone loss, which is a determinant of long-term success. However, considering that marginal bone loss has a multifactorial etiology, further studies are needed to identify other potential factors contributing to marginal bone loss.
Clinical Revelance:
The geometric characteristics of the implant, such as length, diameter, microthread design, and the bone quality in the placement area of the implant are related to the prognosis of the implant. Therefore, implant success can be increased by considering these factors during implant planning.