Body composition assessment by Artificial Intelligence can be a predictive tool for short-term postoperative complications in Hartmann’s reversals

Abstract

Abstract Background Hartmann’s reversal is a complex elective procedure that requires careful planning and patient optimisation to help reduce postoperative complications. Preoperative evaluation of body composition has been useful in identifying patients at high risk of short-term postoperative outcomes following colorectal cancer surgery. We sought to explore the use of our in-house derived Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm to measure body composition within patients undergoing Hartmann’s reversal procedure in the prediction of short-term postoperative complications. Methods A retrospective study of all patients who underwent Hartmann's reversal within a single tertiary referral centre (Western) in Melbourne, Australia and who had a preoperative Computerised Tomography (CT) scan performed. Body composition was measured using our previously validated AI algorithm for body segmentation developed by the Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, University of Melbourne. Results Between 2010 and 2020, 47 patients (mean age 63.1 ± 12.3 years; male, n = 28 (59.6%)underwent body composition analysis. Twenty-one patients (44.7%) were sarcopenic, and 12 (25.5%) had evidence of sarcopenic obesity. The most common postoperative complication was surgical site infection (SSI) (n = 8, 17%). Sarcopenia (n = 7, 87.5%, p = 0.02) and sarcopenic obesity (n = 5, 62.5%, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with SSIs. The risks of developing an SSI were 8.7 times greater when sarcopenia was present. Conclusion Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were related to postoperative complications following Hartmann’s reversal. Body composition measured by a validated AI algorithm may be a beneficial tool for predicting short-term surgical outcomes for these patients.