Abstract
Background: The incidence of thyroid malignancy among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) varies widely across different regions. This study aimed to assess the incidence and types of thyroid malignancy in patients with MNG in Yemen, contributing to better understanding and management of the condition in this context.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the General Military Hospital in Sana’a, Yemen, from February 2021 to December 2023. Data from 143 patients who underwent thyroidectomy were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient demographics and clinical characteristics.
Results: The incidence of thyroid malignancy was 23.1% (33/143) among patients with MNG. Papillary carcinoma was the most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for 72.2% of the malignant cases. Malignancy was more prevalent in females (84.8%) and in the 41–50-year age group (48.5%). Total thyroidectomy was the most frequently performed surgical procedure, undertaken in 79% of cases.
Conclusions: The high incidence of thyroid malignancy in MNG patients, particularly among females and middle-aged individuals, underscores the need for comprehensive evaluation and management of this condition in Yemen. Total thyroidectomy is recommended as an effective treatment approach due to the significant risk of malignancy. Addressing misconceptions about FNAC and educating both patients and healthcare providers can improve early detection and treatment outcomes.