Data Analytics based Surface Energy Analysis of Natural Fibers Treated with CMC Powder, Epoxy Resin along with Amine-based Hardeners for Improved Adhesion

Abstract

Abstract The comparative analysis of surface energy in natural fibers is a pivotal exploration that delves into the intricate dynamics governing the interaction between fibers and composite additives. This study investigated the surface energy responses of jute, coconut coir, hemp, bamboo, and flax fibers. The evaluation of surface energy has been conducted by employing the Young-Dupre equation, considering an epoxy resin augmented with an amine-based hardener and CMC powder. The optimum concentration of the amine-based hardener has been identified for the conduction of comparative study under standardized conditions. The study identified that Jute fiber exhibited a remarkable and distinctive response to the addition of CMC powder among selected natural fibers. The surface energy levels of jute surpassed other natural fibers, especially when the CMC powder concentration exceeded 1.5%. The findings suggest that the use of CMC powder in combination with epoxy resin and amine-based hardeners can significantly improve the surface energy of natural fibers.