Analyzing the six-year malaria prevalence trends at Metehara Health Center, Central Ethiopia (2017/18–2022/23): Unveiling the resurgence and its impact on malaria elimination goals by 2030—A retrospective study

Author:

Mandefro Aynalem1,Tadelle Geletta2,Mekonen Bacha3,Golassa Lemu1

Affiliation:

1. Addis Ababa University, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALIPB)

2. Wollega University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences

3. Malaria and NTDs research team, Bacterial, Parasitic, and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract Background Despite Ethiopia's concerted efforts to eliminate malaria by 2030, the disease continues to pose a significant public health and socioeconomic challenge in the country. The year 2021 witnessed 2.78 million malaria cases and 8041 associated deaths, emphasizing the persistent threat. Monitoring the prevalence trend of malaria is crucial for devising effective control and elimination strategies. This study aims to assess the trend of malaria prevalence at the Metehara Health Center in the East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective study, spanning from February to September 2023, utilized malaria registration laboratory logbooks at Metehara Health Center to evaluate the prevalence of malaria from 2017/18 to 2022/23. Malaria and related data were collected using a pre-designed data collection sheet. Descriptive statistics were employed for data summarization, presented through graphs and tables. Results Out of 59,250 examined blood films, 17.4% confirmed the presence of Plasmodium species. Among the confirmed cases, 74.3%, 23.8%, and 1.84% were attributed to P. falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infections, respectively. The trend of malaria exhibited a steady decline from 2017/18 to 2021/22, reaching 9.8% prevalence. However, an abrupt increase to 26.5% was observed in 2022/23. Males accounted for a higher proportion (66%) of cases compared to females (34%). The age group 15–24 years experienced the highest malaria incidence at 42%. Notably, malaria cases peaked during autumn (September to November) at 43% and reached the lowest percentage during spring (March to May) at 13%. Conclusion Malaria persists as a significant health challenge in and around Metehara, central Ethiopia, predominantly driven by P. falciparum. The five-year declining trend was interrupted by a notable upsurge in 2022/23, indicating a resurgence of malaria in the study area. It is imperative to adopt a reversed strategy to sustain the progress achieved by the national malaria control plan.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

Reference31 articles.

1. WHO. World malaria report (WHO, 2022). Geneva: World Health Organization [accessed 2023 Nov 27]; Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail redirect/9789240064898.

2. Federal Ministry of Health. National malaria Strategic plan 2021–2025. Towards a malaria free Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; FMOH, 2020.

3. Federal Ministry of Health. (FMOH, 2017). National Malaria Elimination Roadmap, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

4. Ethiopian Public Health Institute., 2018. Services availability and readiness assessment (SARA). EPHI, 2018: 1–94.

5. Trend analysis of malaria in urban settings in Ethiopia from 2014 to 2019;Teka H;Malar J,2023

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