Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Closer Look at ChatGPT's Usages and Challenges

Abstract

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence, a rapidly advancing field, is characterized as a branch of computer science capable of human-like thinking and actions. Among the extensively utilized forms of AI is Natural Language Processing (NLP), enabling machines to think and communicate in a manner resembling humans. Numerous chatbots, such as Jasper chat, DialoGPT, Replika, and ChatGPT, have been introduced as part of these advancements. Methods The study employs a scoping review methodology, searching five databases with specific keywords related to ChatGPT and healthcare. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are defined, resulting in 17 relevant articles for analysis. The research process involves a thorough review, removal of duplicates, and quality assessment. Data analysis is conducted using content analysis. Results The 17 articles are categorized into three themes: Education & Evaluation, Research & Publication, and Care & Cure. Subthemes within each category detail the usages and challenges of ChatGPT in various contexts, including education, research, and patient care. Conclusion The paper evaluates the impact of ChatGPT in different domains, emphasizing its positive influence on data availability, learning experiences, and research processes. However, ethical concerns such as plagiarism, biases, and potential risks in patient care are identified. The authors advocate for the responsible use of ChatGPT, suggesting solutions like academic integrity rules and staff training.