Unique metabolite profile of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei intestine after diverse Vibrio parahaemolyticus vp5 challenges

Abstract

Abstract The Pacific white shrimp Litopenaues vannamei is the most widely cultivated shrimp in the world, particularly in Indonesia. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial pathogen that severely affects shrimp, causing extensive economic losses in L. vannamei culture. This study is the first report of the effects on the L. vannamei intestine after Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vp5 local isolate challenge with different concentrations using a metabolomics approach. Healthy shrimp cultured weighing 2±0.5 g were challenged using the intramuscular method with four different concentrations (103, 104, 105, and 106 cfu/ml) of V. parahaemolyticus Vp5 then subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) non-targeted metabolomics analysis. Out of the five groups, three groups (104, 105, and 106 cfu/ml) demonstrated significant mortalities (P<0.05). A total of 176 metabolites were annotated from shrimp samples and targeted to principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap analysis. Metabolomic results showed that Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vp5 changes the metabolite profiling. Ten volatile metabolites showing high variable importance in projection (VIP) scores were diethyl phthalate, 2-propanol, 1, 1’-oxybis; cyclopenta [g]-2-benzopyran, 1-propanol, 2-(2-hydroxypropoxy); 1, 2-benzenedicarboxilic acid, heneicosane, pentacosane, docosane, dibutyl phthalate, dan cyclopentadecanone. Diethyl phthalate was the conserved metabolite both in the Control and different concentrations challenges. The healthy shrimp have a significantly higher concentration of pentacosane compared to the infected shrimp (P<0.05). Pentacosane was lost abundance in acute infection of V. parahemolyticus Vp5. The differential metabolites (DMs) was detected in intestine of L. vannamei, exhibiting that this bacteria may disrupt the immune system and cause metabolic disorder in the shrimp. Our findings showed that pentacosane may serve as essential fragrant for healthy shrimp and candidate markers to indicate the acute condition caused by the infection.