Investigation on the Effects of Universal Adhesives on the Toxicity and the Release of Dentin Matrix Proteins, Matrix Metalloproteinases and Cytokine in Pulp Cells

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of universal adhesives on the toxicity and release of dentin matrix proteins (DMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-8), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pulp cell base. Materials and Methods: Six universal adhesives (Gluma Bond Universal, GBU, (Kulzer), Prime&Bond Universal, PBU, (Dentsply Sirona), Clearfil S3 Universal Bond, CS3UB, (Kuraray), OptiBond Universal, OBU, (Kerr), G-2 Bond Universal, G2BU, (GC), Bond Force II, BFII, (Tokuyama)) were polymerized by placing 10 μl of each in the bottom of 6-well plates. After polymerization, 1 ml of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was added to each of the 6 wells and kept in a 37°C incubator for 24 h. Adhesive extracts of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5 dilutions were added to the pulp cells and MTT tests were performed. The ELISA test, the 1:1 dilution of adhesive extracts was added to the pulpal cells then placed in the incubator at 37°C for 24 and 72 h. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data of both tests. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in cell vitality values after 24, 48 and 72 h (p<0.05). After 48 and 72 hours, BFII and GBU reduced pulpal cell viability the least. The increased dilution rate of the extracts reduced the toxic effects. The tested universal adhesives did not produce a significant change in the quantity of TNF- α, IL-1, DMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 in the pulp cells after 72 hours. However, during those 72 hours, TIMP-1 was reduced (p<0.05) in all samples. Conclusions: The universal adhesives tested in this study exhibited various degrees of cytotoxic effects on pulp cells depending on the incubation time and dose. The composition of universal adhesives does have an effect on pulp cell viability. Clinical Relevance: The effects of universal adhesives on DMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, TIMP-1, TNF-α and IL-1 that will affect the long-term success of restorations are limited.