Abstract
Background
LACK of research on the correlation between first trimester levels of remnant cholesterol (RC) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), and no studies have investigated the association between RC and complement.
Method & outcome measures:
This study is a retrospective cohort study conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from May 2018 to December 2022. Baseline characteristics and laboratory test results were collected from all participants. The widely used formula for calculating RC is detailed as RC (mmol/L) = TC (mmol/L) - HDL-c (mmol/L) - LDL-c (mmol/L). Logistic regression and subgroup analysis were utilized to evaluate the risk impact of RC on GDM. Additionally, a correlation matrix was constructed to assess the relationship between RC and its associated factors.
Results
The study involved 830 participants, with a median RC of 0.4 mmol/L. Among them, 121 pregnant women (14.6%) were ultimately diagnosed with GDM. Multivariate adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between RC and GDM risk (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.09–2.99). Subsequent subgroup analysis indicated no significant interaction between the groups (P > 0.05). The study also observed the strongest correlations between RC and age (r = 0.11), RC and BMI (r = 0.09), RC and C1q (r = 0.14), RC and GLU (r = 0.08).
Conclusion
The serum RC level at 4–8 weeks of pregnancy is positively correlated with the risk of GDM in pregnant women. First-trimester RC serves as an early warning indicator for GDM in pregnant women. This study may contribute to optimizing GDM prevention and early intervention in pregnant women.