Turf algae drives coral bioerosion under high CO2

Author:

Heitzman Joshua1ORCID,Iijima Layla1ORCID,Mitushasi Guinther1,Spatafora Davide2,Wada Shigeki1,Harvey Ben P.1,Kurihara Haruko3,Agostini Sylvain1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan

2. Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Sicily Marine Center, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149, Palermo, Italy

3. Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan

Abstract

Abstract Turf algal prevalence will increase in coral ecosystems under ocean acidification yet their contribution towards the ongoing and projected degradation of reefs is often overlooked. Turf algal settlement was induced on exposed coral skeleton adjacent to live coral tissue to investigate coral-turf algal interactions through a combination of laboratory and field transplantation (shallow volcanic CO2 seep) experiments across two temperature regimes. Here, we show that turf algae are competitively favored over corals under high pCO2 conditions. Turf algae-associated biological activity locally acidified the microenvironment overlying the exposed coral skeleton, leading to its bioerosion. Increases in coral-turf algal interactions could shift coral ecosystems towards net dissolution and should be integrated into global accretion models when considering future carbonate budgets under climate change.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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