Abstract
Background
Postoperative endophthalmitis is a severe intraocular inflammation caused by the introduction of external infectious agents, leading to irreversible visual loss if left untreated. Diabetic patients tend to have a higher risk of developing endophthalmitis after an intraocular procedure due to an impaired immune system. Nevertheless, the risk factors, visual outcomes, and incidence rates associated with exogenous endophthalmitis between diabetic and non-diabetic patients need to be explored.
Purpose
This study explores the risk factors, incidence rates, signs and symptoms, and visual outcomes associated with exogenous endophthalmitis among diabetic and non-diabetic patients after intraocular procedures.
Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate quality. Data were then systematically extracted and analyzed.
Results
In total, 15 studies were included (2 randomized controlled trials and 13 non-randomized controlled trials). Posterior capsule rupture is one risk associated with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Additionally, the prevalence of exogenous endophthalmitis was higher in diabetic patients, and diabetic patients achieved poorer visual acuity, unlike non-diabetic patients, who achieved better visual acuity.
Conclusion
According to this study, patients with diabetes are more likely to develop exogenous endophthalmitis and have poorer visual outcomes after an intraocular procedure than non-diabetic patients. Preventive strategies, prompt recognition of symptoms, and immediate treatment need to be implemented to mitigate endophthalmitis risk, especially in diabetic patients.