Zero-mode diversity in photonic graphen with vortex distortion: nonlinear response and driving

Abstract

Abstract Zigzag boundary shaping of the rhombic photonic graphene lattice imparts the capability to selectively excite topologically protected edge modes with distinct spatial distributions. Concurrently, the introduction of a vortex sublattice distortion gives rise to novel vortex-pivoted zero modes. The resulting diversity of zero modes facilitates precise control over the propagation of light — an essential prerequisite for practical applications. We systematically investigate the dynamics of these zero modes in the presence of nonlinear lattice response and various types of disorder, revealing their remarkable resilience to weak nonlinearity and disorder, with negligible mode cross-talk. Furthermore, we establish the conditions of efficient vortex-zero mode lasing achieved through saturable-nonlinear driving from a background noise. The results indicate possibilities for multi-mode lasing in a rhombic lattice, as opposed to a hexagonal lattice, thus advancing a novel category of topological photonic lasers.