Modeling and simulation of cardio electrical activity for ischemia using comsol multiphysics tool

Abstract

Abstract The circulatory system revolves around the heart, which is of blood vessels network that transports blood to all part of the body. All organs of human rely on blood for transport of oxygen and some other vital nutrients, ensuring that they remain good healthy and properly function. The heart is very important for blood pumping throughout the circulatory system. When the supply of blood to tissues is restricted, oxygen lack for cellular metabolism occurs (to keep tissue alive). Ischemia is a vascular disease in which arterial blood flow is interrupted to a tissue, organ, or extremity, resulting in tissue death if left untreated. It can be caused by embolism, atherosclerotic artery thrombosis, or trauma. Acute arterial ischemia can be caused by venous issues such as venous outflow blockage and low-flow conditions. One of the most common causes of acute arterial ischemia is an aneurysm. The importance of the heart structure on COMSOL Multiphysics is highlighted as it can be modeled and simulated for cardiac contraction and relaxation. The heart cavity structure is implemented using the FHN (Fitzhugh Nagumo equation) and LG (Landau Ginzberg equation) equations along with the corner cases in this paper. The model of the heart is divided into 4 different models to demonstrate the blood flow. The changes for the 4 models are in terms of mesh and the cavity change of heart structure which indirectly demonstrates the blood movement of the heart. The observed plots are in terms of spiral waves and also the waves for the dependent variables are plotted.