Abstract
The weathering degree of three green lead-barium glass beads unearthed from the Hejia cemetery in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province increased in turn, and one of the glass beads showed obvious weathered stratification. In order to explore the weathered characteristics and causes of lead-barium glass,this study observe the microscopic morphology of the glass bead substrate and weathered layer by ultra-depth-of-field 3D video microscopy (OM), the weathered profile was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy spectroscopy (EDS) line scan technology, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and microscopic laser Raman spectroscopy (Raman) were used for chemical element and composition analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the valence change process of glass chromogenic elements. The results showed that the substrate of the three green glass beads was lead-barium silicate glass system, and the main chromogenic element was Cu(II).The weathered products of lead-barium glass are PbCO3 and BaSO4, which are produced by the continuous outward loss of Pb, Ba and S elements from the substrate to the outermost layer, and the interaction with CO32- and SO42- ions in the buried environment, a process accompanied by the conversion from Cu(II) to Cu(I).This study has reference significance for the study of the firing process, weathered mechanism and protection of lead-barium silicate glass system.