Investigating the effect of resveratrol and black grape extract on morphological changes and expression profiles of genes related to Alzheimer's disease in PC12 model cells

Abstract

Abstract Background The fruit known as Black grape (Vitis vinifera), due to its antioxidant properties, possesses therapeutic effects and is widely consumed around the globe. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound with notable efficacy, primarily found in grapes. The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative investigation into the impact of resveratrol and Vitis vinifera extract on the recuperation rate of PC12 cells, a type of Rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells, that were used as a model for Alzheimer's disease induced by formaldehyde. Methods The investigation was conducted by analyzing the biochemical parameters and the expression levels of genes encoding hyperphosphorylation enzymes, namely Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3b) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Initially, the cells were subjected to formaldehyde modeling, followed by the administration of grape extract and resveratrol. Results The findings of this study indicate that both substances under investigation exhibited a notable function in mitigating apoptosis in the modeled cells. Furthermore, the administration of these substances led to a reduction in the extent of the expression of the GSK-3b gene. Moreover, both intervention cohorts exhibited a significant upsurge in the expression of the PP2A gene. The findings of the assessment of the overall antioxidant capacity in the cellular environment demonstrated that the cells subjected to co-treatment with the two compounds exhibited a notable rise in their overall antioxidant capacity. Conclusions The findings of the present study corroborate the neuroprotective and antioxidant characteristics of grape and its polyphenolic derivative, which may potentially enhance existing treatment protocols for Alzheimer's disease.