Perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study with South African adults

Abstract

Abstract Introduction In South Africa, public perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic and risk mitigation measures remain mixed. To better understand health behaviours in the context of COVID-19, a qualitative study was conducted, which aimed to investigate perceptions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic among the South African adult population. Methods Twelve online focus groups were conducted across the following age groups: 18–34, 35–54, 55 + years old (total n = 70) in December 2021. Diversity across socioeconomic status, geographical areas, and urban and rural settings was maximised, with an equal representation of men and women. Focus groups were conducted, and audio recorded using an online platform, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using MAXQDA. Results The ten themes that were identified from the qualitative analysis were: 1) general perceptions of the pandemic and preventative measures; 2) economic and employment impacts; 3) educational impacts of the pandemic; 4) family and social issues; 5) emotional, social, and psychological impacts of the pandemic; 6) media during the pandemic; 7) government handling of the pandemic.; 8) Healthcare and other government systems; and 9) vaccination 10) solutions for COVID-19 and future pandemics. Participants generally reported an understanding and appreciation of the preventative measures put in place by government. However, the findings also showed that lack of government trust, communication by government of specific scientific information around COVID-19, and the pervasiveness of social media had affected the implementation of preventative measures. Moreover, the impacts of the pandemic were reported to vary with socio-economic level. Conclusion With the existing mistrust of government, there is need for government to leverage existing trusted sources in communities to aid in the implementation of preventative measures. These findings support the development of context specific solutions to address challenges faced at different socioeconomic levels.