Level of leadership effectiveness and associated factors among managers in Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023. A mixed-methods study

Abstract

Background: The capacity to shape workers' attitudes, convictions, and skills in order to accomplish company objectives is known as leadership. It is essential to whether organizational performance is successful or unsuccessful. To successfully and efficiently manage health service delivery improvements, healthcare institutions require strong leadership. On the other hand, insufficient data exists on the present state of healthcare leaders to support evidence-based decision-making. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate healthcare leadership effectiveness and associated factors among managers employed by Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed from 01 August to 01 September/2023. Six key informant interviews (KIIs) and 80 healthcare managers in total were undertaken. A complete census was used for quantitative data and purposive sampling for the qualitative approach. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the factors associated with healthcare leadership effectiveness. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value less than 0.05 during multivariable logistic regression was used to declare the factors associated with the outcome variable. Results: In this study, 30% (95% CI: 20 -40) of the participants had effective healthcare leadership practices. Responsibility and accountability (AOR = 8.022; 95% CI; 7.582, 9.923), resolving problems and conflicts (AOR = 5.813; 95% CI; 4.240, 13.679), use resources in the right way (AOR = 2.968, 95% CI; 1.623, 4.145) were positively associated with effective healthcare leadership. Conclusions: The prevalence of effective leadership among managers in Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital was low. Responsibility and accountability, using resources in the right way, and resolving problems and conflict were the factors affecting healthcare leadership effectiveness. It is recommended that the topic should be investigated further, including the perspectives of the workforce on successful leadership.