Association between serum chloride levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate among US adults: evidence from NHANES 1999 - 2018

Author:

Zhao Peipei1,Li Yiping2,Fei Zhewei3,Gu Leyi1,Han Baosan3,Ye Ping4,Dai Huili1

Affiliation:

1. Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

2. Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

3. Shanghai Jiao Tong University

4. University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

Abstract

Abstract

Purpose Chloride, the predominant anion in extracellular fluid from humans, is essential to maintaining homeostasis. One important metric for thoroughly assessing kidney function is the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, the relationship between variations in serum chloride concentration and eGFR in general populations has been poorly studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to elucidate the correlation between plasma chloride levels and eGFR within the United States’ adult population. Methods This cohort study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which covered the years 1999 to 2018. We employed multiple linear regression analysis and subgroup analysis to evaluate the correlation between serum chloride concentration and eGFR. To examine the nonlinear association between serum chloride levels and eGFR, restricted cubic spline analyses were employed. Results Data from 49,008 participants in this cohort study were used for the chloride analysis. In the comprehensively adjusted model, a noteworthy inverse relationship was discovered between chloride plasma concentration and eGFR. Restricted cubic spline analyses revealed a significant nonlinear relationship between chloride levels and eGFR (P for overall < 0.001 and P for nonlinear < 0.001). A significant interaction was observed between eGFR and plasma chloride concentration (all P < 0.001 for interaction) among the subgroups characterized by sex, household income to poverty ratio, BMI, hypertension, and diabetes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that higher levels of chloride plasma concentration were linked to decreased eGFR. These findings underscore the significance of monitoring chloride plasma concentration as a potential indicator for identifying individuals at risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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