Abstract
The novelty of this study lies in the development of an effective therapeutic agent using natural components—specifically, low molecular weight chitosan and L. fermentum—utilizing the Drosophila model. The design and formulation of chitosan-coated probiotic nanoparticles (CSP NPs) aim to enhance the bioavailability of probiotics in the gut, thereby improving their efficacy against ACR-induced toxicity. Nanoencapsulation, a vital domain of the medical nanotechnology field plays a key role in targeted drug delivery, bioavailability, multi-drug load delivery systems and synergistic treatment options. Chitosan, known for its non-toxic nature, offers additional benefits such as anti-inflammatory properties and immune system stimulation. Lactobacillus fermentum, incorporated for its cholesterol-lowering and potent immunomodulatory effects, also plays a significant role in influencing behavioural and developmental mechanisms in Drosophila. The synergistic effect of chitosan and L. fermentum ensures the stability and sustained release of microbial load and its secondary metabolites, facilitating prolonged exposure in the gut. This slow-release mechanism allows for an extended duration of action, effectively combating the detrimental effects of process-induced toxins like acrylamide. By optimizing bioavailability through nanoencapsulation, this study demonstrated the efficiency of the formulation in rescuing ACR-induced behavioural and biochemical deficits.