A mixed method study on the impact of COVID-19 on mental healthcare in Ghana: rethinking Mental Health service delivery

Abstract

Abstract Background Since its emergence, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused severe health, social and economic challenges. Mental healthcare has been significantly affected globally, and even worse in developing countries. An emerging economy like Ghana in West Africa was not spared its disruptive effects. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic (caused by SARS-CoV-2), on Ghana's mental healthcare system.Methods A cross-sectional study using a mixed-method design was conducted in all three psychiatric hospitals in Ghana and the mental health department of a new teaching hospital. Data from the hospital registry and semi-structured interviews were collected and analy’sed.Results In 2020, hospital attendance and admissions declined substantially in all four facilities when compared to the previous year, 2019. The main facility-specific protocol amendments to contain and curb the spread of COVID-19 included changes in patients’ admissions, adherence counselling, dispensing of medications, and treatment modes. These amendments, along with other factors such as stigma, the fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers, medication shortages, and logistical challenges, were reported to significantly affect mental health services during the pandemic. Anxiety, increased workload, and stress among healthcare workers were notable effects of challenges due to the pandemic.Conclusion This study highlights the challenges in mental healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana. The experiences encountered present an opportunity to gain insights into future pandemic preparedness and establish a framework for optimal mental healthcare delivery in Ghana.