Myeloid signature in the tumor immune microenvironment impacts the prognosis of urachal carcinoma

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Urachal carcinoma, an infrequent yet aggressive tumor, lacks extensive research regarding its pathogenesis and prognosis. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) significantly influences the prognosis of malignant tumors. Consequently, understanding the role of TIME in urachal carcinoma remains a critical and unmet need. Methods We assessed TIME markers in both tumoral (T) and stromal (S) regions of urachal carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, a risk prediction function (Riskscore) was developed through Lasso regression analysis. The performance of Riskscore was validated in different cohorts using various statistical analyses. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis was employed to unveil potential mechanisms underlying tumor progression, leading to the identification of potential therapeutic drugs. Results Among the 15 cell markers examined, CD16S, CD68S, and CD11bS exhibited significant associations with overall survival in urachal carcinoma. The Riskscore, constructed based on these three myeloid markers, accurately predicted prognosis, offering insights into potential pathways influencing urachal carcinoma progression and identifying promising candidate drugs. Conclusions In this study, we established a Riskscore based on the myeloid signature of urachal carcinoma and, for the first time, conducted genetic sequencing for urachal carcinoma. This elucidated insights into the immune landscape and potential therapeutic agents. Our work contributes to advancing the diagnosis and treatment strategies for urachal carcinoma.