3D Printing in Clinical Laryngology: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Abstract Background: Although many 3D printed devices and implants are being integrated into clinical practice, 3D printing is variably employed in the field of laryngology. With its increased use in bench and preclinical work, an up-to-date review of available technologies and implementation in clinical laryngology practice is needed. Review Methods: A comprehensive literature search following review guidelines and with the assistance of a medical librarian in November 2022 identified 1,870 articles related to 3D printing in laryngology. Data sources were PubMed and Web of Science. After excluding pre-clinical, simulation, and bench-top work, twenty articles were selected for full-text review and five were included in the final analysis. Results: Four studies created a bioresorbable external airway splint for the indication of severe tracheobronchomalacia not amendable to current, best available treatment methods, and the fifth study created a 3D printed titanium mesh for thyroid cartilage reconstruction after partial laryngectomy. All included studies were published in either the United States or China between 2004 and 2022. Three studies were performed in the pediatric population and two were performed in adults. Conclusion: Clinical applications of 3D printing within laryngology are currently rare but are promising for the future of laryngotracheal interventions and reconstruction. Although most studies are still preclinical, awareness of the current state of the clinical science is crucial for future developments and clinical trials.