Serum CA19-9 as a predictor of incident metabolic syndrome in obese middle-aged and older men: A 9-year cohort study

Abstract

Abstract The status of carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9 (CA19-9) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) is unknown. From 2007 to 2015, 1,750 participants were retrospectively reviewed; health checkup data were obtained. Participants were divided into three groups based on CA19-9 levels. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure were determined. Blood samples were collected after fasting for > 8 hours, to measure biochemical parameters and tumor markers. Cox regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for covariates, the highest CA19-9 tertile was associated with an increased risk of incident MetS (P = 0.002), high systolic blood pressure (≥ 130 mmHg; P < 0.001), high WC (≥ 90 cm; P < 0.001), and high fasting plasma glucose (≥ 100 mg/dL; P = 0.001), low high-density lipoprotein (≤ 50 mg/dL; P = 0.001), and high triglyceride (≥ 150 mg/dL; P = 0.001) levels. Subgroup analysis showed that individuals in the highest CA19-9 tertile who were obese (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2; P = 0.002), male (P = 0.001), and ≥ 50 years of age (P = 0.002) were at increased risk of incident MetS. Our results revealed a positive correlation between CA19-9 levels and MetS in obese middle-aged and older men.