Association of metabolic syndrome, its components, and obesity with bone mineral density in the female population: evidence from NHANES

Abstract

Abstract Objective We investigated the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity with low bone mineral density (LBMD) in women and different menopausal status groups. Methods Based on the five NHANES 2-year cycles data, 1662 female participants aged 40 to 79 with BMD data of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were enrolled. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between MetS, its components, and obesity with the risk of LBMD in overall participants and premenopausal and postmenopausal subgroups. Results MetS was negatively associated with the risk of LBMD in the femoral neck but with no significant association in the lumbar spine. Among the components of MetS, waist circumference, and blood glucose showed negative associations with the LBMD risk. Overweight and obese were negatively associated with the LBMD risk in both femoral necks and lumbar spine. In contrast to the premenopausal participants, MetS was negatively associated with the femoral neck LBMD risk in the postmenopausal population. Conclusion Our study found no association or negative association between MetS and the risk of LBMD in the female population. Overweight/obese were negatively associated with the risk of LBMD. These associations may be more pronounced in the postmenopausal population than in the premenopausal population.