Relevance of pathognomonic changes in multiple sclerosis patients in remission for oral and maxillofacial surgery– a pilot study of case series

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that affects the central nervous system and can lead to neurological impairment. Our aim was to determine whether MS patients also show inflammatory changes in the oral cavity more frequently than healthy individuals. Material and Methods We examined plaque samples for various mediators and their correlation with clinical findings. A study group (MS) and a control group were examined and compared. The plaque samples were analyzed for the expression of interleukins (IL-2, -6, -10), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-7, MMP-9) and a surface antigen CD90 by quantitative real-time PCR. Clinical parameters examined were the Mombelli plaque index (MPI), bleeding on probing (BOP) index, gingival pocket depth (PD) and Decayed, missing and filled tooth (DMFT) index. Results The expression of MMP9 was significantly (p = 0.035) higher in the control group. The expression of IL-2 was increased 4-fold in the MS group, but this difference was not statistically significant. The mean PD (p < 0.001) and BOP index (p = 0.029) were increased in the study group. Conclusion The clinical parameters of the BOP index and PD were significantly amplified in the MS patients. However, no causal relationship could be established in this case series, thus for the oral and maxillofacial surgical treatment no evidence for restrictions could be derived. Clinical Relevance With the worldwide increasing incidence of MS, it’s important to obtain insights into the effects of the disease on the oral cavity. The study was registered in the German clinical trial registry (DRKS00022956, registered 28/08/2020).