Platelet Microparticles Influence Gene Expression and Modulate Biological Activities of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells (K562)

Abstract

Abstract Background The current understanding emphasizes the intricate interplay between leukemia and its environment. Platelet microparticles play a crucial role in facilitating intercellular communication and contribute to the complex landscape of cancer pathology. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Platelet microparticles on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of key genes, including P53, P21, Cyclin D1, Bax, and Bcl-2, within the context of a Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cell line (K562). Methods and Results Platelet microparticles were obtained through centrifugation at various speeds, and their concentration was quantified using the BCA assay. To determine the size and immunophenotypic characteristics of the PMPs, both the DLS technique and flow cytometry were employed. Cell proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay, and cell cycle analysis was conducted through DNA content evaluation. Real-time PCR was utilized for gene expression analysis of Bax, Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, P53, and P21. Flow cytometry was employed to examine cell apoptosis. The findings revealed that platelet microparticles have the ability to decrease proliferation of the K562 cell line, while not exerting an impact on apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Analysis through real-time PCR indicated an upregulation in the gene expression of P53, P21, and Bcl-2, accompanied by a downregulation in Bax and Cyclin D1. Conclusion This investigation sheds light on the intricate relationship between CML and its microenvironment, particularly the involvement of platelet-derived microparticles. The study underscores the potential of PMPs to influence cell behavior and gene expression, providing a deeper understanding of their role in CML and its therapeutic implications.