Giant Perianal Tumour Arising from Condyloma Acuminatum in a Patient Living with HIV-1

Abstract

Abstract Background Perianal cancer is a relatively rare disease, but it is prevalent in men who have sex with men and in patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here, we report a case of a massive anal squamous cell carcinoma that measured 19 cm in length and 10 cm in diameter in a male patient living with HIV. Case presentation A 28-year-old man with a 5-year history of peri-anal condyloma acuminatum developed a rapidly enlarging mass in the anal region since the past few months. He had both HIV and syphilis infection, but never sought further treatment. Pathological analysis and immunohistochemistry confirmed squamous cell carcinoma with high-risk HPV infection. After multi-disciplinary treatment, albumin-paclitaxel combined with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 therapy and simultaneous antiretroviral therapy was initiated. The mass began to shrink after chemotherapy, but this did not prevent tumor progression. He eventually died from tumor-cachexia. Conclusion Early screening and treatment of perianal disease can help prevent progression to invasive anal carcinoma in high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men and immunosuppressed patients.