Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater containing Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) Dye: RSM and ANN Optimization, Technoeconomic Analysis and Sludge Characterization

Abstract

In the present study, electrochemistry based electro-coagulation (EC) process, as a green approach is used for the decolorization of Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) from simulated wastewater. A multivariate approach, response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) is employed to model and optimize the EC process with five input variables (pH, initial concentration of dye, current density, operating time, and electrodes gap) to treat the wastewater containing RB4 dye. The efficiency of EC process is calculated in terms of % decolourization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. A back-propagation Artificial Neural Network (BP - ANN) is also engaged to predict the % colour and % COD removal. The experimental values of %decolourization (89.3%) and COD removal (84.3%) are found very close to predicted %decolourizations (88.6% and 89.4%) and COD removal (83.4% and 84.4%) at optimized conditions [pH (X₁) = 7.0; initial dye concentration (X₂) = 1297.6 mgL^-1; current density (X₃) = 13.42 mAcm^-2; contact time (X₄) = 70 min and initial electrodes gap (X₅) = 1.0 cm] using RSM and ANN, respectively. Techno-economic efficacy is determined in terms of an operating cost as Rs. 114.82 m^-3. The physico-chemical properties of the EC process generated sludge are analyzed using FTIR and FESEM/EDX. The comparative analysis with previous studies and future perspectives of the EC process for the removal of RB4 from wastewater is also carried out.