Acquiring of photosensitivity by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and inside infected macrophages due to accumulation of endogenous Zn-porphyrins

Abstract

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is able to transition into a dormant state, causing the latent state of tuberculosis. Dormant mycobacteria acquire resistance to all known antibacterial drugs and can survive in the human body for decades before becoming active. In the dormant forms of M. tuberculosis, the synthesis of porphyrins and Zn-complexes significantly increased when 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was added to the growth medium. Transcriptome analysis revealed a certain activation of genes involved in the metabolism of tetrapyrroles during the transition of Mtb into a dormant state, which may lead to the observed accumulation of free porphyrins. Dormant Mtb viability was reduced by more than 99.99% under illumination for 30 minutes (300 J/cm2) with 565 nm light that correspond for Zn-porphyrin and coproporphyrin absorptions. We did not observe any PDI effect using active bacteria in vitro. However, after accumulation of active cells in lung macrophages and their persistence within macrophages for several days in the presence of ALA, a significant sensitivity of active Mtb cells (ca. 99.99%) to light exposure was developed. These findings create a perspective for the treatment of latent and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis by the eradication of the pathogen in order to prevent recurrence of this disease.