A Comprehensive Health Effects Assessment of the Use of Sanitizers and Disinfectants during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

A Comprehensive Health Effects Assessment of the Use of Sanitizers and Disinfectants during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Published:2022-12-15 Issue: Volume: Page:
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Hashemi Fallah¹,Hoepner Lori²,Hamidinejad FARAHNAZ Soleimani³,Haluza Daniela⁴,Afrashteh Sima⁵,Abbasi Alireza¹,Omeragić Elma⁶,Imamović Belma⁶,Rasheed Narin A.⁷,Taher Taqi Mohammed Jwad⁸,Kurniasari Fitri⁹,Wazqar Dhuha Youssef¹⁰,Apalı Özge Ceren¹¹,Yildirim Ayca Demir¹²,Zhao Bo¹³,Kalikyan Zaruhi¹⁴,Guo Cui¹⁵,Valbuena Andrea Chong¹⁶,Mititelu Magdalena¹⁷,Pando Carolina Martínez¹⁸,Saridi Maria¹⁹,Toska Aikaterini¹⁹,Cuba Magalys Lopez²⁰,Kwadzokpui Precious Kwablah²¹,Tadele Niguse²²,Nasibova Tohfa²³,Harsch Stefanie²⁴,Munkh-Erdene Luvsan²⁵,Menawi Wafaa²⁶,Evangelou Efi²⁷,Dimova Antoniya²⁸,Marinov Dimitar²⁸,Dimitrova Teodora²⁸,Shalimova Anna²⁹,Fouly Howieda³⁰,Suraya Anna³¹,Faquim Juliana Pereira da Silva³²,Oumayma Bouadil³³,Annunziato Maria Antonieta³⁴,Lalo Rezarta³⁵,Papastavrou Evridiki³⁶,Ade Anju D.³⁷,Caminada Susanna³⁸,Stojkov Svetlana³⁹,Narvaez Carmen Gloria⁴⁰,Mudau lutendo Sylvia⁴¹,Rassas Ines⁴²,Michel Daphnee⁴³,Kaynar Nur Sema⁴⁴,Iqbal Sehar⁴⁵,Elshwekh Halla⁴⁶,Hossain Irin⁴⁷,AL-Fayyadh Sadeq⁴⁸,Sydorchuk Aniuta⁴⁹,Alnusairat Dua’a Mohammad Hasan⁵⁰,Abdullahi Asli Mohamed⁵¹,Iqbal Neelam⁵²,Pandey Apsara⁵³,Gómez-Gómez Brenda⁵⁴,Akyildiz Aysenur Gunaydin⁵⁵,Morosan Elena¹⁷,Dwarica Daniella⁵⁶,Dorj Gantuya⁵⁷,Hasan Sumaya Yusuf⁵⁸,Alshdefat Noha M.⁵⁹,Knezevic Bojana⁶⁰,Valladares Wendy⁶¹,Severi Cecilia⁶²,Fuentes Sofia Cuba⁶³,Augusto Sofia⁶⁴,Sidorova Elizaveta⁶⁵,Moelyaningrum Anita Dewi⁶⁶,Alawad Tafaul⁶⁷,Khalid Atiqa⁶⁸,Kmbo Elehamer Nafisa Mhna⁶⁹,Mihaylova Anna⁷⁰,Tsigengagel Oxana⁷¹,Menouni Aziza⁷²,Wojtecka Agnieszka⁷³,Hod Rozita⁷⁴,Idayat Yusuf Banke⁷⁵,Othman khadija⁷⁶,Harfouch Rim M.⁷⁷,Paunov Tsonco⁷⁸,Omar Meruyert⁷⁹,Benderli Nana Christine⁸⁰,Nurika Globila⁶⁶,Amjad Sana⁸¹,Elnoamany Salma⁸²,Elesrigy Fatma⁸²,Shaban Marwa Mamdouh⁸³,Acevedo-López Doménica⁸⁴,Kartashova Maria⁶⁵,Khalaf Atika⁸⁵,Jaafar Sabah Abdullah⁸⁶,Kadhim Taisir A.⁸⁶,Hweissa Nada Ab.⁸⁷,Teng Yulong⁸⁸,Yagoub Fatima Elbasri Abuelgasim Mohammed⁶⁹,Sasikumar Thayahlini⁸⁹,Hikaambo Christabel Nangandu⁹⁰,Kharat Aditi⁹¹,Lyamtseva ulyana⁶⁵,Aldeeb Maya Arfan⁹²,Pawlas Natalia⁹³,Khorolsuren Lkhagvasuren⁹⁴,Koonjul Roopeshwaree Pallavi⁹⁵,Maïnassara Halima Boubacar⁹⁶,Chahal Priyanka⁹⁷,Wangeci Rose W⁹⁸,Kumar Ainur B.⁹⁹,Zamora-Corrales Irina¹⁰⁰,Gracy Stella¹⁰¹,Mahamat Maimouna⁸⁰,Adamczyk Jakub¹⁰²,Rahman Haliza Abdul¹⁰³,Matiashova Lolita¹⁰⁴,Elsherif Omneya Ezzat⁸³,Alkhateeb Nazdar Ezzaddin Rasheed¹⁰⁵,Aleaga Yamilé¹⁰⁶,Bahrami Shima¹,Al-salihy Shaimaa Rahem¹⁰⁷,Cabrera-Galeana Paula¹⁰⁸,Lalic-Popovic Mladena³⁹,Brown-Myrie Eugenie¹⁰⁹,Bhandari Divya¹¹⁰,Mayaboti Cinderella Akbar¹¹¹,Stanišić Svetlana¹¹²,Pestic Sanda Kreitmayer¹¹³,Bektay Muhammed Yunus¹¹⁴,Sabbah Haleama Al¹¹⁵,Hashemi Saber¹¹⁶,Assia Bouchetara¹¹⁷,Merritt Anne-Sophie¹¹⁸,Ramzi Zhian¹¹⁹,Baboolal Himawatee⁵⁶,Isstaif Juman¹²⁰,Shami Rula¹²¹,Saad Rahma¹²¹,Nyirongo Temwanani¹²²,Hoseini Mohammad¹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

2. SUNY Downstate: SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University

3. Bogomolets National Medical University: Nacional'nij medicnij universitet imeni O O Bohomol'ca

4. Vienna Health Association Landstrasse Clinic: Wiener Gesundheitsverbund Klinik Landstrasse

5. Boushehr University of Medical Sciences: Bushehr University of Medical Sciences

6. Univerzitet u Sarajevu

7. University of Duhok

8. University of Wasit

9. Nagoya Mental Clinic

10. King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine

11. Hacettepe Universitesi

12. T C Uskudar Universitesi

13. Yonsei University

14. Yerevan State Institute of Economics: Armenian State University of Economics

15. The Chinese University of Hong Kong – Tung Wah Group of Hospital Community College: Tung Wah College

16. Valencia College

17. Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy: Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila

18. Universidad de Granada

19. Hellenic Open University: Elleniko Anoikto Panepistemio

20. Academy of Allied Health Careers

21. Health Sciences North

22. Addis Ababa University

23. Azerbaijan State Economic University: Azerbaijan State University of Economics

24. Freiburg University Hospital: Universitatsklinikum Freiburg

25. Mongolian University of Science and Technology

26. An-Najah Libraries: An-Najah National University Libraries

27. Cyprus University of Technology: Technologiko Panepistemio Kyprou

28. Varna Free University Chernorizets Hrabar Faculty of Architecture: Varnenski svoboden universitet Cernorizec Hrab'r Arhitekturen fakultet

29. Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University

30. Assiut University

31. stikes Binawan: Universitas Binawan

32. Federal University of Uberlandia: Universidade Federal de Uberlandia

33. Abdelmalek Essaadi University: Universite Abdelmalek Essaadi

34. Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research: Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas

35. Universiteti Ismail Qemali Vlorë: Universiteti Ismail Qemali Vlore

36. Cyprus College: European University Cyprus

37. SVIMS University: Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences

38. RoMed Hospital Rosenheim: RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim

39. Novi Sad Branch of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts: Ogranak Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti u Novom Sadu

40. Desarrollo University Faculty of Medicine: Universidad del Desarrollo Facultad de Medicina

41. Tshwane University of Technology

42. University of Monastir: Universite de Monastir

43. Quisqueya University: Universite Quisqueya

44. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi: Istanbul Aydin Universitesi

45. Rawalpindi Medical University

46. Tripoli Medical Center

47. NIPSOM: National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine

48. Baghdad Medical City

49. Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University Institute of Biology Chemistry and Bioresources: Cernivec'kij nacional'nij universitet imeni Uria Fed'kovica Institut biologii himmii ta bioresursiv

50. Sharjah Mens College

51. Sima Theraputics: Merck & Co Inc

52. UK Health Security Agency - Colindale

53. Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital

54. Centro Médico Teknon: Centro Medico Teknon

55. Bezmialem Vakif Universitesi

56. West Indies School of Theology

57. Mongolian State University of Agriculture: Mongolian University of Life Sciences

58. Arabian Gulf University

59. Al al-Bayt University Faculty of Law

60. Sveučilište u Zagrebu: Sveuciliste u Zagrebu

61. Metropolitan University of Honduras: Universidad Metropolitana de Honduras

62. Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging: Centro Uruguayo de Imagenologia Molecular

63. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

64. Porto Higher School of Nursing: Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto

65. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy: Pervyj Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj medicinskij universitet imeni I M Secenova

66. Jember University: Universitas Jember

67. Khartoum College of Medical Sciences

68. University of Sahiwal

69. Khartoum State Ministry Of Health

70. Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski: Plovdivski universitet Paisij Hilendarski

71. Semey State Medical University: Semey Medical University

72. Leuven University Press: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Universitaire Pers Leuven

73. Gdansk University of Technology: Politechnika Gdanska

74. Universitas Kebangsaan

75. University of Ibadan

76. Commission for East African Cooperation: East African Community

77. Syrian Private University

78. Varna University of Management: Visse Utsiliste po Menidzmant

79. Kazakhstan's Medical University KPH: Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH

80. Yaounde Faculty of Protestant Theology: Universite Protestante d'Afrique Centrale Faculte de Theologie et des Sciences Religieuses

81. University of Alberta School of Public Health

82. Menoufia University

83. Cairo University Faculty of Science

84. Universidad de Las Américas: Universidad de Las Americas

85. Kristianstad University College: Hogskolan Kristianstad

86. Al Muthanna University

87. University of Zawia

88. Yonsei University School of Business

89. Colombo National Hospital: National Hospital of Sri Lanka

90. Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority

91. Utah Department of Health

92. Hamad General Hospital

93. Silesian University of Technology - Gliwice Campus: Politechnika Slaska

94. Mongolian State University of Education

95. Mauritius College of the Air: Open University of Mauritius

96. Hôpital National de Niamey: Hopital National de Niamey

97. S Tentishev Asian Medical Institute

98. Nairobi Evangelical Graduate School of Theology: Africa International University

99. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University

100. Costa Rica University: Universidad de Costa Rica

101. Asmara Catholic Theological Institute

102. Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa: Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im Jana Dlugosza w Czestochowie

103. Putrajaya Hospital: Hospital Putrajaya

104. Kharkiv Institute of Business and Management

105. Hawler Medical University

106. Colegio Pedro II

107. Diyala University: University of Diyala

108. Mexico City Health Secretariat: Ciudad de Mexico Secretaria de Salud

109. Jamaica Hospital: Jamaica Hospital Medical Center

110. Institute on Governance

111. Oslo Universitetssykehus

112. Univerzitet Singidunum

113. Tuzla Devlet Hastanesi

114. Marmara Universitesi - Goztepe Kampusu: Marmara Universitesi

115. Zayed University

116. University of Kurdistan

117. Algerian Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy: Centre de Developpement des Energies Renouvelables

118. Karolinska Institutets folkhälsoakademi: Karolinska Institutet

119. Sulaimani Polytechnic University

120. Damascus University Faculty of Medicine

121. Qatar University

122. Rusangu University

Abstract

Abstract COVID-19 has affected all aspects of human life so far. From the outset of the pandemic, preventing the spread of COVID-19 through the observance of health protocols, especially the use of sanitizers and disinfectants was given more attention. Despite the effectiveness of disinfection chemicals in controlling and preventing COVID-19, there are critical concerns about their adverse effects on human health. This study aims to assess the health effects of sanitizers and disinfectants on a global scale. A total of 91056 participants from 154 countries participated in this cross-sectional study through an electronic questionnaire. Results implied that detergents (67%), alcohol-based materials (56%), and chlorinated compounds (32%) were the most commonly used types of sanitizers and disinfectants. Most frequently reported health issues include skin complications 48.8% and respiratory complications 29.8%. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between chlorinated compounds with all possible health complications under investigation (p-value < 0.001). Examination of risk factors based on multivariate regression analysis showed that alcohols-based materials were associated with skin complications (OR, 1.98; 95%CI, 1.87–2.09), per-chlorine was associated with eye complications (OR, 1.83; 95%CI, 1.74–1.93), and highly likely with itching and throat irritation (OR, 2.00; 95%CI, 1.90–2.11). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological complications (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92–2.44). The findings of the current study suggest that health authorities need to implement more awareness programs about the side effects of using sanitizers and disinfectants during viral epidemics.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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