Hydro-geochemistry and irrigation water quality of groundwater in Chhattisgarh plain central India

Abstract

Abstract The current study was conducted with sampling of eighty-four groundwater sample which was used for analyzing various physico- chemical properties in groundwater to assess the status of irrigation water quality and their hydro-geochemistry.For this purpose, different ionic concentration pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, CO32− and HCO3− were determine in groundwater and used to calculate the various irrigation water quality parameters like SAR, Na %, RSC, MHR, KR, PI%, PS and RSBC. The groundwater sample pH was ranged from 7.9 to 9.3 with having electrical conductivity of 90 µS/cm to 2000 µS/cm. Among the all-sampled groundwater 2.38%, 1.19%, 5.95%, 16.67%, and 2.38% water samples were unsuitable for irrigation water due to having high loading of PI, KR, MHR, RSC and PS value, respectively. The ionic concentration orders werefound in terms of cations Ca2+> Na+> Mg2+> K+ and anions HCO3−> Cl−> SO42−in groundwater. The piper trilinear diagram suggested Ca (Mg)- HCO3−, Ca (Mg)-Cl− and mixed type water was dominated in the study area. The Gibbs and other bivariate plot were indicated that the silicate weathering and ion exchange phenomenafrom rock water interaction was mainly responsible for the different ion’s sources in groundwater instead of evaporite and carbonate dissolutions.